Under which circumstance can client confidentiality be breached according to the exceptions listed?

The appropriate circumstance for breaching client confidentiality in this context is when it is necessary to obtain legal or ethical advice. This is justified because professionals may encounter situations where the ethical or legal implications of their actions require clarity and guidance. Consulting with legal or ethical experts serves to protect both the client and the practitioner, ensuring that any actions taken are in compliance with laws and professional standards.

In practice, if a practitioner faces a dilemma that involves potential harm or risk to the client or others, obtaining informed, professional guidance is crucial. This consultative process helps to ensure decisions made are ethically sound and legally defensible.

Maintaining client confidentiality is a fundamental principle of ethical practice, and breaches should only occur under necessary and justified circumstances, such as when seeking professional guidance to navigate complex situations. Thus, fulfilling personal curiosity or sharing information with friends would not serve as justifiable reasons for breaching confidentiality, as these actions do not align with ethical standards or professional responsibilities.